Vent gas absorption system and method of recovery vocs

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to a vent gas adsorption system and a method of recovering volatile organic compounds (VOCs), more particularly to a vent gas adsorption system devised to effectively adsorb VOCs included in the vent gas and reduce VOC content of the vent gas, and a method of recovering VOCs.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

(a) Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a vent gas adsorption system and amethod of recovering volatile organic compounds (VOCs), moreparticularly to a vent gas adsorption system devised to effectivelyadsorb VOCs included in the vent gas and reduce VOC content of the ventgas, and a method of recovering VOCs.

(b) Description of the Related Art

The membrane separation system, core cooling system, absorption system,adsorption system and combinations thereof are known as techniques toremove and recover VOCs from vent gas.

For the adsorption system, a method of effectively removing VOCs byfeeding polluted air to an adsorption tower filled with silica gel andactive carbon is disclosed in Korea Patent Registration No. 266479.

And, Korea Patent Publication No. 2002-10384 discloses a method and anapparatus of continuously recycling the absorbent at the moderatetemperature by vacuum and separating and recovering VOCs included in thevent gas.

However, the above-mentioned techniques do not effectively recover VOCs.Moreover, they cost much to install and maintain because of complicatedstructures.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the conventional VOC recovery andadsorption system for PVC manufacturing process. As seen in the figure,VCM vented from the separation tank 100 and the condenser 110 iscompressed by the gas holder 120 or directly discharged at the activecarbon tower 140 passing through the second condenser 130. Or, it iscombusted at the combustion unit 150 before being transferred to thesecond condenser 130.

The conventional system is not suitable for the large scale and thecombustion process generates the problem of treating waste gas.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the vent gas adsorption system of thepresent invention,

FIG. 2 is the cross-sectional view of the distributor of the vent gasadsorption system of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the conventional vent gas adsorptionsystem,

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Thus, it is an object of the present invention to provide a vent gasadsorption system capable of minimizing VOC content of the vent gas anda method of recovering VOCs using the same.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a vent gasadsorption system capable of improving VOC recovery yield by optimizingtransfer and residence time of gaseous and liquid materials in theadsorption tower and the desorption tower and a method of recoveringVOCs using the same.

DETAILED DESCRITPION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The vent gas adsorption system of the present invention feeds vent gasincluding VOC components into the adsorption tower, which optimizes thegas-liquid contact through counter-current flow, flows adsorptionsolvent into the adsorption tower so that the VOC components of the ventgas are adsorbed, transfers it to the desorption tower so that the VOCcomponents adsorbed to the adsorption solvent are desorbed by thermalenergy and recovered at the reprocessing process. As a result, inert gaswith no VOC components is discharged into the air.

For this purpose, the present invention provides a vent gas adsorptionsystem comprising an adsorption tower, which adsorbs VOC componentsincluded in the vent gas with circulating adsorption solvent anddischarges gas with no VOCs into the air, and a desorption tower, whichseparates the VOC components from the adsorption solvent and recoversthem with circulating carrier gas.

The vent gas adsorption system of the present invention may furthercomprise a temperature control unit to cool or heat the adsorptionsolvent appropriate for the operating condition of the adsorption towerand the desorption tower.

For this purpose, a heat exchanger that heats the adsorption solventflowing into the desorption tower and cools the adsorption solventflowing into the adsorption tower by heat exchange of the two adsorptionsolvents may be used as the temperature control unit.

And, the heat exchanger may further comprise a cooler that cools theadsorption solvent flowing into the adsorption tower and a heater thatheats the adsorption solvent flowing into the desorption tower.

The adsorption tower has a gas distributor, which distributes inert ventgas into the adsorption tower, at the bottom and a solvent distributor,which distributes VOC adsorption solvent to the bottom of the adsorptiontower, at the top. Also, it is equipped with a transfer line, whichtransfers the adsorption solvent having adsorbed VOC components into thedesorption tower, at the bottom. The adsorption tower has several platesbetween the top and the bottom, which are filled with packing materialsenabling optimum contact of gaseous and liquid materials.

Preferably, fluid silicone oil or other silicon based compound is usedfor the adsorption solvent.

And, the desorption tower has a distributor, which is connected to thetransfer line and distributes the adsorption solvent into the desorptiontower, at the top and a discharge line, which transfers the VOCcomponents separated from the adsorption solvent to the reprocessingprocess with carrier gas, at the bottom. The desorption tower hasseveral plates between the top and the bottom, which are filled withpacking materials enabling optimum contact of gaseous and liquidmaterials.

Preferably, the temperature of the carrier gas is controlled to behigher than the boiling point of VOCs.

The vent gas adsorption system of the present invention may furthercomprise a separator, which separates the adsorption solvent from thecarrier gas at the discharge line, and a recovery line, which connectsthe separator and the desorption tower and re-feeds the separatedadsorption solvent into the desorption tower.

The present invention also provides a method of recovering VOCscomprising the steps of: contacting vent gas with adsorption solvent toadsorb the VOC components included in the vent gas; feeding hot carriergas to the adsorption solvent having adsorbed the VOC components toseparate the VOC components from the adsorption solvent; transferringthe separated VOC components to the reprocessing process with thecarrier gas for recovery and treatment; and re-circulating theadsorption solvent with the VOC components removed to the adsorptionstep.

The method of recovering VOCs of the present invention may furthercomprise the step of heating the adsorption solvent prior to the VOCseparation step.

The method of recovering VOCs of the present invention may furthercomprise the step of separating adsorbed materials included in thecarrier gas while transferring the carrier gas.

Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention isdescribed in detail referring to the attached drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the vent gas adsorption system of thepresent invention.

A process of recovering vinyl chloride monomers (hereinafter referred toas “VCM”) included in the vent gas generated in the polyvinyl chloride(PVC) manufacturing process is described as an example.

The following example is only for the understanding of the presentinvention, and the present invention is not limited by the followingexample.

As seen in FIG. 1, the vent gas adsorption system of the presentinvention comprises an adsorption tower 10, which adsorbs VCM gas frominert gas with adsorption solvent, and a desorption tower 20, whichrecovers the VCM gas adsorbed to the adsorption solvent.

At the adsorption tower 10, a gas distributor 11 at the bottomdistributes the inert gas into the adsorption tower 10, and the gasdistributed by the gas distributor 11 is discharged into the air at thetop of the adsorption tower 10 with the VCM gas removed.

On top of the adsorption tower 10, there is a solvent distributor 12which distributes the VCM gas adsorption solvent to the bottom of theadsorption tower 10. The solvent distributor 12 is connected with astorage tank 15 storing the adsorption solvent through a feeding line14. A transfer pump 16 on the feeding line 14 feeds the adsorptionsolvent.

In this example, a fluid silicon based compound is used as theadsorption solvent.

At the bottom of the adsorption tower 10, there is a transfer line 17which transfers the adsorption solvent having adsorbed the VCM gas tothe desorption tower 20. The transfer line 17 is also equipped with atransfer pump 18.

Thus, the VCM gas is adsorbed to the continuously and uniformlycirculating adsorption solvent in the adsorption tower 10 and thendischarged into the air. Resultantly, the VCM content of the inert gasdischarged into the air is maintained at 10 ppm or below.

The desorption tower 20 separates the VCM gas from the adsorptionsolvent and transfers it to the reprocessing process. At the top of thedesorption tower 20, there is a distributor 21 which is connected to thetransfer line 17 and distributes the adsorption solvent into thedesorption tower 20. The carrier gas that transfers the VCM gasseparated from the adsorption solvent is fed at the bottom of thedesorption tower 20. On top of the desorption tower 20, there is adischarge line 22 which discharges the carrier gas containing the VCMgas.

Preferably, steam of 200° C. or below is used for the carrier gas.

The adsorption solvent and the VCM gas are separated in the desorptiontower 20 and fed again into the adsorption tower 10 through the feedingline 14 at the bottom of the desorption tower 20. In this process, anyadsorption solvent flowing into the discharge line 22 along with thecarrier gas needs to be recovered.

For this purpose, a separator 23 which separates the adsorption solventfrom the carrier gas is installed on top of the discharge line 22. Thisseparator 23 is connected to the desorption tower 20 by a recovery line24, so that the separated and recovered adsorption solvent is fed againinto the desorption tower 20.

The discharge line 22 is equipped with a vacuum pump 25 which transfersthe carrier gas containing the VOC components to the reprocessingprocess.

The adsorption tower 10 and the desorption tower 20 are separated byseveral plates which optimize the transfer and residence time of gaseousand liquid materials. Each plate is filled with packing materials 13,26.

Preferably, the adsorption tower 10 is separated by three plates and thedesorption tower 20 is separated by two plates.

Each plate is separated by a horizontal lattice 19. The lattice 19 hastiny holes impermeable to the packing materials 13, 26. About 75% of thespace between each plate is filled with the packing materials.

The packing materials 13, 26 optimize contact of gaseous and liquidmaterials during their transfer. 25% or less liquid holdup is preferable(The liquid holdup means the volume proportion of liquid sticking to thepacking. A low liquid holdup enables optimum contact.).

A heat exchanger 30 is installed on the feeding line 14 and the transferline 17 between the adsorption tower 10 and the desorption tower 20 andchanges thermal energy of the adsorption solvents circulated through theadsorption tower 10 and the desorption tower 20. A cooler and a heaterare installed in series with the heat exchanger to further cool or heatthe adsorption solvent transferred to each line.

That is, a cooler is installed on the feeding line 14 connected to theadsorption tower 10, and the adsorption solvent having been cooledpassing through the heat exchanger is further cooled appropriate for theoperating condition of the adsorption tower. And, a heater is installedon the transfer line 17 connected to the desorption tower 20, and theadsorption solvent having been heated passing through the heat exchangeris further heated appropriate for the operating condition of thedesorption tower.

Considering that the preferable operating temperature of the adsorptiontower 10 is 0 to 50° C. and that of the desorption tower 20 is 60 to150° C., it is preferable that the temperature of each adsorptionsolvent is controlled to 0 to 35° C. and 95 to 100° C. by the cooler andthe heater.

It is preferable that each distributor can prevent flooding or weepingduring transfer of gaseous and liquid materials in each tower. For thispurpose, each distributor has different paths for the adsorption solventand the gas, which enables flow of the adsorption solvent and the gaswithout interruption. FIG. 2 is an exemplary cross-sectional view of thesolvent distributor 12 of the adsorption tower 10. It has a path 40 forthe gas and a path 41 for the adsorption solvent.

The vent gas adsorption system of the present invention is operated asfollows.

When a pump installed on each line operates, fluid adsorption solventcontained in the storage tank 15 is fed to the solvent distributor 12 atthe top of the adsorption tower 10 through the feeding line 14. Then, itflows downward passing through each plate of the adsorption tower 10.

The gas distributor 11 at the bottom of the adsorption tower 10uniformly feeds vent gas to the top of the adsorption tower 10.

Thus, the adsorption solvent and the vent gas contact in the adsorptiontower 10 and the VCM gas contained in the vent gas is adsorbed to theadsorption solvent. In this process, the packing materials 13 filled inthe adsorption tower 10 and each plate optimize pressure difference,residence time of gaseous and liquid materials and their contact state,so that VCM gas adsorption by the adsorption solvent is maximized.

While the vent gas is transferred to the top of the adsorption tower 10,the VCM gas is removed and the vent gas is discharged into the airthrough the top of the adsorption tower 10.

According to a test, the VCM content of the inert gas discharged intothe air was below 10 ppm.

The adsorption solvent having adsorbed the VCM gas flows downward to thebottom of the adsorption tower 10. There, it is transferred to the topof the desorption tower 20 through the transfer line 17 by the transferpump 18. Before being fed to the desorption tower, it passes through theheat exchanger 30. The heat exchanger 30 exchanges thermal energy of theadsorption solvent having adsorbed the VCM gas and the adsorptionsolvent having the VCM gas desorbed.

As a result, the adsorption solvent transferred to the adsorption tower10 is cooled by thermal energy loss, while the adsorption solventtransferred to the desorption tower 20 is heated by thermal energy gain.

In this process, if each tower is equipped with a cooler and a heater,the temperature of the adsorption solvent can be set more favorablyaccording to the operating condition.

In the desorption tower 20, the VCM gas is separated from the adsorptionsolvent at the boiling point. In this process, the packing materials 26filled in each plate of the desorption tower 20 maintains optimumresidence time and contact state of the gaseous and liquid materials,thereby further increasing the desorption efficiency.

The separated VCM gas is transferred to the reprocessing process by thecarrier gas fed through the bottom of the desorption tower 20. That is,the carrier gas containing the VCM gas is transferred to thereprocessing process through the discharge line 22 by the vacuum pump25.

While the carrier gas passes through the separator 23 installed on thedischarge line 22, the adsorption solvent is separated and fed againinto the desorption tower 20 through the recovery line 24.

The adsorption solvent removed from the VCM gas in the desorption toweris fed again into the adsorption tower 10 through the feeding line 14connected to the bottom of the desorption tower 20 for VCM gasadsorption.

The vent gas adsorption system of the present invention described aboveminimizes the VOC content of the vent gas discharged into the air,thereby improving VOC recovery and preventing environmental pollution.

While the present invention has been described in detail with referenceto the preferred embodiment, those skilled in the art will appreciatethat various modifications and substitutions can be made thereto withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the present invention as setforth in the appended claims.

1. A vent gas adsorption system comprising: an adsorption tower whichadsorbs volatile organic compound (VOC) components contained in vent gasby circulating adsorption solvent therein, and discharges the removedgas with the VOC components into the air; and a desorption tower whichseparates the VOC components from the adsorption solvent and recoversthe VOC components by circulating a carrier gas therein.
 2. The vent gasadsorption system of claim 1, further comprising a temperature controlunit which controls the temperature of the adsorption solventtransferred to the adsorption tower and the desorption tower to beappropriate for the operating condition of each tower.
 3. The vent gasadsorption system of claim 2, said temperature control unit being a heatexchanger which cools and heats the adsorption solvent separated fromthe desorption tower and the adsorption solvent transferred from theadsorption tower to the desorption tower by heat exchange appropriatefor the operating conditions of each tower.
 4. The vent gas adsorptionsystem of claim 3, said heat exchanger further comprising a cooler and aheater on a feeding line and a transfer line connected to the adsorptiontower and the desorption tower, so as to cool and heat the adsorptionsolvent transferred to the adsorption tower and the desorption tower. 5.The vent gas adsorption system of claim 1, said adsorption tower beingequipped with: a gas distributor at the bottom thereof, whichdistributes inert vent gas into the adsorption tower; a solventdistributor at the top thereof, which distributes VOC adsorption solventto the bottom of the adsorption tower; a transfer line at the bottomthereof, which transfers the adsorption solvent having adsorbed the VOCcomponents to the desorption tower; and several plates between the topand the bottom thereof, which are filled with packing materials thatoptimize contact of gaseous and liquid materials.
 6. The vent gasadsorption system of claim 1, said adsorption solvent being silicone oilanother silicon-based compound.
 7. The vent gas adsorption system ofclaim 1, said desorption tower being equipped with: a distributor at thetop thereof, which is connected to a transfer line and distributes theadsorption solvent into the desorption tower; a discharge line at thetop thereof, which is connected to the reprocessing process; and severalplates between the top and the bottom thereof, which are filled withpacking materials that optimize contact of gaseous and liquid materials,and the carrier gas transferring the VOC components separated from theadsorption solvent to the reprocessing process fed from the bottom. 8.The vent gas adsorption system of claim 7, the temperature of saidcarrier gas being higher than the boiling point of the VOC components.9. The vent gas adsorption system of claim 7, said discharge line beingequipped with a separator, which separates the adsorption solvent fromthe carrier gas and again feeds the separated adsorption solvent intothe desorption tower through a recovery line.
 10. A method of recoveringVOC components contained in vent gas using the system of claim
 1. 11.The method of recovering the VOC components of claim 10 comprising thesteps of: contacting the vent gas with adsorption solvent to adsorb theVOC components contained in the vent gas; feeding hot carrier gas to theadsorption solvent having adsorbed the VOC components to separate themfrom the adsorption solvent; transferring the VOC components with thecarrier gas to a reprocessing process and recovering them; andre-circulating the adsorption solvent with the separated VOC componentsto the VOC adsorption step.
 12. The method of recovering the VOCcomponents of claim 11 further comprising the step of heating theadsorption solvent prior to the VOC component separation step.
 13. Themethod of recovering the VOC components of claim 11 further comprisingthe step of separating materials adsorbed to the carrier gas during thecarrier gas transfer.